Distinctive metabolite profiles in migrating Amur ide (Leuciscus waleckii) reveal changes in osmotic pressure, gonadal development, and energy allocation strategies

Amur ide ( Leuciscus waleckii ) lives in alkali-saline water (pH = 9.6) the Lake Dali and spawns freshwater rivers after migration annually. During spawning migrations, not only experience osmoregulation modification from to but also deal with energy prioritization for basal metabolism gonadal development. To achieve an optimal cost-benefit balance, a series of modifications are needed. This study investigated changing metabolite profiles that contribute maintaining balance osmotic pressure allocation maturation. We applied ultra-performance liquid chromatography together quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-QTOF-MS), combined chemometrics, identifying metabolic changes regarding broodstocks during migration. According findings, there were 11,333 metabolites serum 3,159 found change significantly Differentially expressed mainly affected steroid hormone biosynthesis, arachidonic acid metabolism, biosynthesis phenylalanine, tyrosine, tryptophan, pyruvate citrate cycle, as well glycerophospholipid metabolism. Based on enrichment analysis pathways, two representative which crucial The perturbation some was highlighted, involves sexual maturation reproduction, nitrogenous waste excretion, allocation. assists understanding physiological plasticity exhibited by migratory new perspective, is useful scientific basis artificial breeding ide.